I introduce a part (safety related) of normative refereces which are indispesnsable for the application of the said standard. Japan has established standrds on secondary lithium cells and batteries for ships-electric energy storage equipment. Simultaneously, various laboratory tests will be conducted. As the above mentioned satety system of LIBs is quite different from that of LABs, pilot operation of LIBs by 27SS or 28SS is very important. The effects of inclination in the direction of aft/fore and port/starboard, vibration and temperature on the electrochemical properties of LIBs such as current-voltage, capacity-voltage, charge-discharge relation and aging should be understood.

I think carbon dioxide is used instead of nitrogen, because carbon dioxide is heavier than air and nitrogen is lighter than it. Carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas should as extinguishing agent and use of water and/or sea water is prohibited. Ventilation system, fire detector and fixed fire extinguisher should be equipped.

At lower temperature operation under 10C, adequate measure such as control of environment should be taken into account at design stage to prevent from thermal runaway caused by deposition of metallic lithium. LIBs should be installed to satisfy requirements for inclination and vibration and should be operated within specified temperature range (10C-45C). can't take place while silent running, and even simple clumsy actions like dropping large items might lead to a momentarily detectable noise.

Things like food prep, maintenance, freshwater production, offloading waste, etc. The discipline of the crew themselves are also a source of self generated noise - some actions must be absolutely restricted when running silent. Its generally accepted in open source that US sound libraries can map individual submarines by defects in their maintenance or manufacturing that lead to specific tonals in their machinery.though the flip side also is sometimes this ID is obscured after maintenance or replacement of the part(s) that produced the characteristic noise. The state of the crew and the boat made cause it to have a much noisier signature that would typically be the case for given ship of its class. Charts give a good impression of relatively capability (assuming they're accurate there's no way to know in open source) but I think it should be pointed out the crew training and maintenance also have a large contribution to a boats sound signature, especially transients but also plant and propulsor noise.

Seawolf class submarine inside